{ejm joÌH$m XrnñV§^ … H$_©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rb
H$_©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rb. a`V {ejU g§ñWm§Ho$ g§ñWmnH$. CZH$m OÝ_ 22 {gV§~a 1887 H$mo H$moëhmnya {OboHo$ hmVH$U§Jbo Vhgrb_| Hw§$^moO _| hþAm. Ho$db àmW{_H$ {ejm ñVaVH$hr CZH$s {ejm gr{_V ahr. bo{H$Z CZH$s g§ñWm a`V Omo _hmamï´> Am¡a H$Zm©Q>H$ àm§V_o§ g~go ~S>r h¡. CÝho _hmamï´>H$m OmZm_mZm {ejm{dX H$hm OmVm h¡.
Cg g_` CÝhmo§Zo g_mOHo$ g^r {nN>S>o dJmoª Ho$ {bE {ejm H$s gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$s, O~ {ejm {H$gr dJ©H$s _ºo$Xmar hþAm H$aVr Wr. do Jm§YrdmXr Wo. CÝhmo§Zo {ejm H$s Eogr gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$s, Omo Jar~ {nN>S>o bmoJm|H$mo _h§Jr Z bJo. CZHo$ hmWm| Zr§d aIr J`r a`V {ejU g§ñWm§Zo XohmVr BbmH$mo§_|hr ñHy$b ewê$ {H$E. A§J«oOr H$mo _amR>r_o§ dm{KZrMo XyY H$hm OmVm h¡. Cgr A§J«oOr ^mfm H$mo CÝhm|Zo _amR>r `wdH$m|H$s Ow~mUr ^mfm ~ZmB©. ~°. nr. Or. nmQ>rb O¡go CZHo$ AZoH$ {eî` Bgr ^mfmHo$ VÁk OmZo OmVo h¡§.
H$moëhmnya Ho$ amO{f© emhþOr _hmamOOrZo AnZo amÁ`_| g^r OZOmVr`m|Ho$ ~ƒm| Ho$ {bE AbJ AbJ hmoñQ>ob ~ZmdmE Am¡a OmVr {Z_©ybZH$s Zr§d aIr. CÝhmo§Zohr ^maV _| n{hbr ~ma {nN>S>r OZOmVr`m|Ho$ {bE [aOìh}eZ H$s ì`dñWm bmJy H$s. boH$sZ H$_©dra AÊUmZo AnZr g§ñWm_| g^r OmVr`m|Ho$ N>mÌmm|H$mo EH$hr {Zdmgr ñHy$b _| Xm{Ibm {X`m. BVZmhr Zht, CÝho EH$hr hmoñQ>ob _| aIm. Am¡a Vmo Am¡a g^r ~ƒm|H$mo EH$hr agmoB© ImZo_| ImZm {Ibm`m. Bgr H$maU CZH$mo Añn¥í`Vm {ZdmaU Ho$ H$m_ H$m ewê$AmVr ì`º$s H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. 1924 _| ewê$ hþE Bg hmoñQ>ob H$mo CÝhm|Zo amO{f© emhÿOrH$m Zm_ {X`m. V~ _hmË_m Jm§YrOrZo CÝho nyN>m H$s emhÿ _hmamOgo {H$VZm n¡gm {b`m. Vmo AÊUm§Zo H$hm, H$s CZgo n¡gm Zht ~S>m {Xb {b`m h¡. CZHo$ ha ñHy$bH$m n[aga hao^ao d¥jm|go bhbhm ahm h¡. Bgr H$maU do n`m©daU ào_r ^r Wo. CZH$s g§ñWm§H$m ~moY{MÝh ^r dQ>d¥j h¡. {OgH$s ha Q>ohZr EH$ ZE d¥j H$mo OÝ_ XoVr h¡. Cgr Vah CZH$s g§ñWm§H$m EH$ EH$ {dÚmWu EH$ g§ñWm§Ho$ ~am~a h¡. CZHo$ H$m_ H$s gamhZm {¼íMZ gm`Ýg _m°{ZQ>m°a_| H$s Jr h¡.
do {ejm{dX Wohr. boH$sZ do g_mOgwYmaH$, VËdkmZr, AW©emór, g_mOemór^r Wo. CÝhmo§Zo gË`emoYH$ g_mOH$m ^r H$m_ {H$`m. do OmZr_mZr H§$nZr {H$bm}ñH$a Ho$ ewê$AmVr H$m_Jma Wo. Am¡a Vmo Am¡a CÝhmo§Zo gmVmam_| à{gÕ CÚmoOH$ Hy$naOrHo$ gmW EH$ CÚmoJ H$s ^r Zrd ^r a»Ir Wr. Bgr H$maU bmoJ CÝho CÚmoJr^r H$hVo h¡§. H$hm OmVm h¡, H$s do AJa {ejm{dX Zhr§ aho hmoVo, Vmo do OmZo_mZo CÚmoJr ~Z J`o hmoVo.
AÊUmH$m ahZghZ {gYrgmXm, ^mfm XohmVr Wr. bo{H$Z dº¥$Ëd à^mdr Wm. CZH$s g§ñWm H$m Zm_ a`V Wm. Vmo Cg_| {ejm boZodmbo g^r bS>Ho$ Ed§ bS>{H$`m± XohmVr, {H$gmZm|Ho$ ~oQ>o ~o{Q>`m± Wr. O~ {H$gr H$maU CZH$s g§ñWmH$s J«m§Q> gaH$maZo amoH$ aIUoZo H$m, ~ëH$s BZS>m`aoŠQ>br ~§X H$aZoH$m {ZU©` {b`m Wm. bo{H$Z a`V `mZo OZVmZo bmImo§ hmWm|go XmZ XoH$a g§ñWmH$mo ~Mm`m. Bg g§ñWm§H$s VwbZm N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOOrHo$ qhXdr ñdamÁ`go H$s OmVr h¡. Š`mo§{H$ O¡go {edmOrH$m ñdamÁ` CZHo$ AHo$boH$m Zht, CZ _mdbm|H$m `mZo g¡{ZH$m|H$m Wm Omo {edmOr H$mo amOm Am¡a CZHo$ ñdamÁ` H$mo AnZm _mZVo Wo. ñdamÁ` H$s ajm H$aZoHo$ {bE IyZ H$m XmZ Am¡a OmZ ^r Ý`moN>mda H$a XoVo Wo. d¡gohr H$_©dra AÊUmH$s a`V {ejU g§ñWm CZH$s AHo$boH$s Zhr§, ~ëH$s CZ {dÚmWu`m|Ho$ H§$Ym|na {Q>H$s hþB© h¡, {OÝhmoZo Bgr g§ñWm_| nT>mB© H$s. Am¡a Bgr g§ñWmHo$ AmOrd godH$ ~Zo. `o AmOrd goodH$hr A~^r g§ñWmHo$ AmYma h¡. O~ H$s AÊUm H$mo JwOao hþE H$ar~ nMmggo OmXm gmb hþE.
H$_©dra AÊUmZo Ho$db {ejm joÌ_|hr Zhr§, ~ëH$s CÚmoJ, IoVr, g_mO à~moYZ Am¡a amO{ZVr joÌ_|^r H$m_ {H$`m. CÝhmoZo gmVma {OboHo$ _mU gh{gb _| ghH$mar IoVrH$m à`moJ {H$`m Wm. Xodmnya H$mo Am°n \$m{_ªJ gmogm`Q>r O¡gm à`moJ ^r {H$`m Wm.
Jar~ {dÚmWu`m| Ho$ {bE CÝhmoZo bú_r~mB© nmQ>rb \§$S> O¡gr {~m ã`mO H$O© XoZoH$s `moOZm ewê$ H$s. CZH$m H$hZm Wm, H$s Á`mXm AZmO CËnmXZ H$amo Eogr A°S>ìhQ>mB©O H$aZoHo$ ~Om` _mo\$V {ejm XoUr Mm{hE. IoVr H$m kmZ XoµZoHo$ {bE ñHy$b ewê$ H$a|. dhm± {H$gmZm|Ho$ ~oQ>o {gI|Jo. CZHo$ {bE IM© H$amo. Jm±d {H$VZm ^r N>moQ>m hmo, dhm± ñHy$b ewê$ H$aZm Mm{hE. ha ñHy$bH$mo AÀN>r B_maV hmo. ~ƒm|Ho$ A^md _| ñHy$b ~§X Z H$a|. ~ëH$s ha Cg OJh Ohm± bmoJ ahVo h¡§, dhm± ñHy$bH$s ì`dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE. CZH$ H$B© Cgwb Wo. Am¡a CZ Cgwbm|H$mo CÝhmoZo H$^r^r Zht N>moS>m. Z\$m Am¡a ZwH$gmZ XmoZmo§H$m CÝhmo§Zo AmZ§Xgo ñdrH$ma {H$`m. g_mOgwYmaH$ Ho$ ê$n_| CÝhmo§Zo _hmamï´> Ho$ g^r àm§Vm|_| {dMmam| H$m àMma {H$`m. CZH$m H$hZm Wm H$s, A§YlÕmH$mo JmS>H$a _amR>o, XbrVm|Zo Añn¥í`Vm Am¡a _hmadVZ O¡go _wÔo N>moS> XoZo Mm{hE. CgHo$ {~Zm CÕma Zhr§ hmoJm.
H$_©dra AÊUmZo _w§~B© _| CÝhm|Zo eoR> _m{UH$M§X {hamM§X Oìhoar H$s XwH$mZ _| Hw$N> {XZ aËZnmaIrH$m `mZo Oìhoar H$m ^r H$m_ {H$`m. Cgr H$maU do aËZnmaIr^r aho. CÝhmo§Zo {ejm d gm_m{OH$ joÌ _| H$m`©H$aUodmbo aËZm|H$s ImoO H$s, Omo CZHo$ {dÚmWu Wo. AÊUm H$hVo Wo, H$s EH$ gmb Ho$ {bE AZmO ~moE, Xg gmbHo$ {bE noS> nm¡Yo, Am¡a 100 gmb Ho$ {bE {ejm g§ñWm ewê$ H$amo. Omo bmIm|H$mo hOmamo gmbVH$ g^r _wgr~Vm|H$m gm_Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE gj_ H$aoJr.
_hmË_m Jm§YrOr Zo ^r CZHo$ H$m_ H$s gamhZm H$s. CÝhm|Zo H$hm, H$s ^mD$amd H$s godmhr CZH$m H$s{V©ñV§^ h¡. kmZnrR> nwañH$ma àmá boIH$ {d. g. I§S>oH$aOrZo H$hm h¡, H$s H$_©draOrH$m H$m`© H$mo n{dÌ VrW©joÌ h¡. ^JraW J§JmH$mo n¥Ïdrna bo AmE. boH$sZ H$_©draOrZo {ejm H$s J§Jm Jar~m|Ho$ KaVH$ nh±þMmB©.
_hmË_m Jm§YrOrH$s O~ hË`m hþB©, V~ CZH$mo lÕm§Obr An©U H$aZoHo$ {bE AÊUmZo 101 hmBñH$yb ewê$ H$aZo H$m EobmZ {H$`m. O~H$s CÝhmoZo 175 hmBñHy$b ewê$ {H$E. _hmË_mOrHo$ EH$ ñ_maH$ Ho$ ê$n_o§ _hmË_m Jm§Yr \«$s A±S> aogrS>oÝgr`b `w{Zìh{g©Q>r ewê$ H$aZoH$m CZH$m ñdßZ Wm. O~ H$s dmo nwam Zhr§ hmo gH$m. dh ewê$ H$aZm hr CZH$s Agbr lÕm§Obr hmoJr. Eogm _hmZ H$m`© H$aZodmbo _hmnwê$f H$m Xohm§V nwUo _| 9 _B© 1956 H$mo hþAm. a`V H$m nhbm ~OoQ> Ho$db Vrg ê$n`o H$m Wm. O~ H$s AmO dmo H$B© H$amoS> Zhr§ ~ëH$s Aa~m|H$m h¡. a`V g§ñWm CZH$m ñ_maH$ h¡. dh Á`moV gXm àH$me_mZ ahoJr. CZH$mo àUm_ Am¡a A{^dmXZ.
S>r. S>r. nmQ>rb, gm§Jbr
H$_©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rb. a`V {ejU g§ñWm§Ho$ g§ñWmnH$. CZH$m OÝ_ 22 {gV§~a 1887 H$mo H$moëhmnya {OboHo$ hmVH$U§Jbo Vhgrb_| Hw§$^moO _| hþAm. Ho$db àmW{_H$ {ejm ñVaVH$hr CZH$s {ejm gr{_V ahr. bo{H$Z CZH$s g§ñWm a`V Omo _hmamï´> Am¡a H$Zm©Q>H$ àm§V_o§ g~go ~S>r h¡. CÝho _hmamï´>H$m OmZm_mZm {ejm{dX H$hm OmVm h¡.
Cg g_` CÝhmo§Zo g_mOHo$ g^r {nN>S>o dJmoª Ho$ {bE {ejm H$s gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$s, O~ {ejm {H$gr dJ©H$s _ºo$Xmar hþAm H$aVr Wr. do Jm§YrdmXr Wo. CÝhmo§Zo {ejm H$s Eogr gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$s, Omo Jar~ {nN>S>o bmoJm|H$mo _h§Jr Z bJo. CZHo$ hmWm| Zr§d aIr J`r a`V {ejU g§ñWm§Zo XohmVr BbmH$mo§_|hr ñHy$b ewê$ {H$E. A§J«oOr H$mo _amR>r_o§ dm{KZrMo XyY H$hm OmVm h¡. Cgr A§J«oOr ^mfm H$mo CÝhm|Zo _amR>r `wdH$m|H$s Ow~mUr ^mfm ~ZmB©. ~°. nr. Or. nmQ>rb O¡go CZHo$ AZoH$ {eî` Bgr ^mfmHo$ VÁk OmZo OmVo h¡§.
H$moëhmnya Ho$ amO{f© emhþOr _hmamOOrZo AnZo amÁ`_| g^r OZOmVr`m|Ho$ ~ƒm| Ho$ {bE AbJ AbJ hmoñQ>ob ~ZmdmE Am¡a OmVr {Z_©ybZH$s Zr§d aIr. CÝhmo§Zohr ^maV _| n{hbr ~ma {nN>S>r OZOmVr`m|Ho$ {bE [aOìh}eZ H$s ì`dñWm bmJy H$s. boH$sZ H$_©dra AÊUmZo AnZr g§ñWm_| g^r OmVr`m|Ho$ N>mÌmm|H$mo EH$hr {Zdmgr ñHy$b _| Xm{Ibm {X`m. BVZmhr Zht, CÝho EH$hr hmoñQ>ob _| aIm. Am¡a Vmo Am¡a g^r ~ƒm|H$mo EH$hr agmoB© ImZo_| ImZm {Ibm`m. Bgr H$maU CZH$mo Añn¥í`Vm {ZdmaU Ho$ H$m_ H$m ewê$AmVr ì`º$s H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. 1924 _| ewê$ hþE Bg hmoñQ>ob H$mo CÝhm|Zo amO{f© emhÿOrH$m Zm_ {X`m. V~ _hmË_m Jm§YrOrZo CÝho nyN>m H$s emhÿ _hmamOgo {H$VZm n¡gm {b`m. Vmo AÊUm§Zo H$hm, H$s CZgo n¡gm Zht ~S>m {Xb {b`m h¡. CZHo$ ha ñHy$bH$m n[aga hao^ao d¥jm|go bhbhm ahm h¡. Bgr H$maU do n`m©daU ào_r ^r Wo. CZH$s g§ñWm§H$m ~moY{MÝh ^r dQ>d¥j h¡. {OgH$s ha Q>ohZr EH$ ZE d¥j H$mo OÝ_ XoVr h¡. Cgr Vah CZH$s g§ñWm§H$m EH$ EH$ {dÚmWu EH$ g§ñWm§Ho$ ~am~a h¡. CZHo$ H$m_ H$s gamhZm {¼íMZ gm`Ýg _m°{ZQ>m°a_| H$s Jr h¡.
do {ejm{dX Wohr. boH$sZ do g_mOgwYmaH$, VËdkmZr, AW©emór, g_mOemór^r Wo. CÝhmo§Zo gË`emoYH$ g_mOH$m ^r H$m_ {H$`m. do OmZr_mZr H§$nZr {H$bm}ñH$a Ho$ ewê$AmVr H$m_Jma Wo. Am¡a Vmo Am¡a CÝhmo§Zo gmVmam_| à{gÕ CÚmoOH$ Hy$naOrHo$ gmW EH$ CÚmoJ H$s ^r Zrd ^r a»Ir Wr. Bgr H$maU bmoJ CÝho CÚmoJr^r H$hVo h¡§. H$hm OmVm h¡, H$s do AJa {ejm{dX Zhr§ aho hmoVo, Vmo do OmZo_mZo CÚmoJr ~Z J`o hmoVo.
AÊUmH$m ahZghZ {gYrgmXm, ^mfm XohmVr Wr. bo{H$Z dº¥$Ëd à^mdr Wm. CZH$s g§ñWm H$m Zm_ a`V Wm. Vmo Cg_| {ejm boZodmbo g^r bS>Ho$ Ed§ bS>{H$`m± XohmVr, {H$gmZm|Ho$ ~oQ>o ~o{Q>`m± Wr. O~ {H$gr H$maU CZH$s g§ñWmH$s J«m§Q> gaH$maZo amoH$ aIUoZo H$m, ~ëH$s BZS>m`aoŠQ>br ~§X H$aZoH$m {ZU©` {b`m Wm. bo{H$Z a`V `mZo OZVmZo bmImo§ hmWm|go XmZ XoH$a g§ñWmH$mo ~Mm`m. Bg g§ñWm§H$s VwbZm N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOOrHo$ qhXdr ñdamÁ`go H$s OmVr h¡. Š`mo§{H$ O¡go {edmOrH$m ñdamÁ` CZHo$ AHo$boH$m Zht, CZ _mdbm|H$m `mZo g¡{ZH$m|H$m Wm Omo {edmOr H$mo amOm Am¡a CZHo$ ñdamÁ` H$mo AnZm _mZVo Wo. ñdamÁ` H$s ajm H$aZoHo$ {bE IyZ H$m XmZ Am¡a OmZ ^r Ý`moN>mda H$a XoVo Wo. d¡gohr H$_©dra AÊUmH$s a`V {ejU g§ñWm CZH$s AHo$boH$s Zhr§, ~ëH$s CZ {dÚmWu`m|Ho$ H§$Ym|na {Q>H$s hþB© h¡, {OÝhmoZo Bgr g§ñWm_| nT>mB© H$s. Am¡a Bgr g§ñWmHo$ AmOrd godH$ ~Zo. `o AmOrd goodH$hr A~^r g§ñWmHo$ AmYma h¡. O~ H$s AÊUm H$mo JwOao hþE H$ar~ nMmggo OmXm gmb hþE.
H$_©dra AÊUmZo Ho$db {ejm joÌ_|hr Zhr§, ~ëH$s CÚmoJ, IoVr, g_mO à~moYZ Am¡a amO{ZVr joÌ_|^r H$m_ {H$`m. CÝhmoZo gmVma {OboHo$ _mU gh{gb _| ghH$mar IoVrH$m à`moJ {H$`m Wm. Xodmnya H$mo Am°n \$m{_ªJ gmogm`Q>r O¡gm à`moJ ^r {H$`m Wm.
Jar~ {dÚmWu`m| Ho$ {bE CÝhmoZo bú_r~mB© nmQ>rb \§$S> O¡gr {~m ã`mO H$O© XoZoH$s `moOZm ewê$ H$s. CZH$m H$hZm Wm, H$s Á`mXm AZmO CËnmXZ H$amo Eogr A°S>ìhQ>mB©O H$aZoHo$ ~Om` _mo\$V {ejm XoUr Mm{hE. IoVr H$m kmZ XoµZoHo$ {bE ñHy$b ewê$ H$a|. dhm± {H$gmZm|Ho$ ~oQ>o {gI|Jo. CZHo$ {bE IM© H$amo. Jm±d {H$VZm ^r N>moQ>m hmo, dhm± ñHy$b ewê$ H$aZm Mm{hE. ha ñHy$bH$mo AÀN>r B_maV hmo. ~ƒm|Ho$ A^md _| ñHy$b ~§X Z H$a|. ~ëH$s ha Cg OJh Ohm± bmoJ ahVo h¡§, dhm± ñHy$bH$s ì`dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE. CZH$ H$B© Cgwb Wo. Am¡a CZ Cgwbm|H$mo CÝhmoZo H$^r^r Zht N>moS>m. Z\$m Am¡a ZwH$gmZ XmoZmo§H$m CÝhmo§Zo AmZ§Xgo ñdrH$ma {H$`m. g_mOgwYmaH$ Ho$ ê$n_| CÝhmo§Zo _hmamï´> Ho$ g^r àm§Vm|_| {dMmam| H$m àMma {H$`m. CZH$m H$hZm Wm H$s, A§YlÕmH$mo JmS>H$a _amR>o, XbrVm|Zo Añn¥í`Vm Am¡a _hmadVZ O¡go _wÔo N>moS> XoZo Mm{hE. CgHo$ {~Zm CÕma Zhr§ hmoJm.
H$_©dra AÊUmZo _w§~B© _| CÝhm|Zo eoR> _m{UH$M§X {hamM§X Oìhoar H$s XwH$mZ _| Hw$N> {XZ aËZnmaIrH$m `mZo Oìhoar H$m ^r H$m_ {H$`m. Cgr H$maU do aËZnmaIr^r aho. CÝhmo§Zo {ejm d gm_m{OH$ joÌ _| H$m`©H$aUodmbo aËZm|H$s ImoO H$s, Omo CZHo$ {dÚmWu Wo. AÊUm H$hVo Wo, H$s EH$ gmb Ho$ {bE AZmO ~moE, Xg gmbHo$ {bE noS> nm¡Yo, Am¡a 100 gmb Ho$ {bE {ejm g§ñWm ewê$ H$amo. Omo bmIm|H$mo hOmamo gmbVH$ g^r _wgr~Vm|H$m gm_Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE gj_ H$aoJr.
_hmË_m Jm§YrOr Zo ^r CZHo$ H$m_ H$s gamhZm H$s. CÝhm|Zo H$hm, H$s ^mD$amd H$s godmhr CZH$m H$s{V©ñV§^ h¡. kmZnrR> nwañH$ma àmá boIH$ {d. g. I§S>oH$aOrZo H$hm h¡, H$s H$_©draOrH$m H$m`© H$mo n{dÌ VrW©joÌ h¡. ^JraW J§JmH$mo n¥Ïdrna bo AmE. boH$sZ H$_©draOrZo {ejm H$s J§Jm Jar~m|Ho$ KaVH$ nh±þMmB©.
_hmË_m Jm§YrOrH$s O~ hË`m hþB©, V~ CZH$mo lÕm§Obr An©U H$aZoHo$ {bE AÊUmZo 101 hmBñH$yb ewê$ H$aZo H$m EobmZ {H$`m. O~H$s CÝhmoZo 175 hmBñHy$b ewê$ {H$E. _hmË_mOrHo$ EH$ ñ_maH$ Ho$ ê$n_o§ _hmË_m Jm§Yr \«$s A±S> aogrS>oÝgr`b `w{Zìh{g©Q>r ewê$ H$aZoH$m CZH$m ñdßZ Wm. O~ H$s dmo nwam Zhr§ hmo gH$m. dh ewê$ H$aZm hr CZH$s Agbr lÕm§Obr hmoJr. Eogm _hmZ H$m`© H$aZodmbo _hmnwê$f H$m Xohm§V nwUo _| 9 _B© 1956 H$mo hþAm. a`V H$m nhbm ~OoQ> Ho$db Vrg ê$n`o H$m Wm. O~ H$s AmO dmo H$B© H$amoS> Zhr§ ~ëH$s Aa~m|H$m h¡. a`V g§ñWm CZH$m ñ_maH$ h¡. dh Á`moV gXm àH$me_mZ ahoJr. CZH$mo àUm_ Am¡a A{^dmXZ.
S>r. S>r. nmQ>rb, gm§Jbr
